The city recorded a total population of 221,178 as of 2010. As an urbanized city, various languages are spoken in the area ranging from Tagalog, Pampango, Ilocano, and Zambal. Others speak in the dialects of Waray, Visaya, Cebuano, Pangasinan, Bicolano, Ilonggo, among others. The city is represented by various ethnic groups.

Olongapo city’s land area is mountainous, thus urban development can be quite expensive. The total built up area is about 2,600 hectares or 14.05% only of the total land area which is 18,500 hectares. The city is bounded on the north by the town of Subic, Zambales, on the east by Bataan province, and on the south by Subic Bay Freeport Zone, and on the west by Subic Bay. It has a total land area of 185 square kilometers.